In early 1990, Sajudis-Reform Movement of Lithuania backed candidates won the elections to the Lithuanian Supreme Soviet. Lithuanians carry Lithuanian flags in the center of Vilnius on January 10, 1990, during demonstration asking for the country’s independence. This state, which was built on a Communist ideology, was eventually transformed into a totalitarian state, in which the Communist leadership had complete control over the country. The state which the Bolsheviks created was intended to overcome national differences, and rather to create one monolithic state based on a centralized economical and political system. The Soviet Union was built on approximately the same territory as the Russian Empire which it succeeded.Īfter the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the newly-formed government developed a philosophy of socialism with the eventual and gradual transition to Communism. What led to this monumental historical event? In fact, the answer is a very complex one, and can only be arrived at with an understanding of the peculiar composition and history of the Soviet Union. Indeed, the breakup of the Soviet Union transformed the entire world’s political situation, leading to a complete reformulation of political, economic, and military alliances all over the globe. The United States rejoiced as its formidable enemy was brought to its knees, thereby ending the Cold War which had hovered over these two superpowers since the end of World War II. Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism. In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. A woman reaches into her bag, which rests on a fallen Soviet hammer-and-sickle on a Moscow street in 1991.
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